Feed on
Posts
Comments

Three months after its first prototype version, I am glad to announce that the long-awaited AASaver 2.0 has finally become available! In case you haven’t seen the first version of AASaver: it is basically a versatile boost converter that takes two AA (or AAA) batteries and bumps them to 5V so you can use it to power flashlight LEDs, or use it for breadboard experiments. The nice thing is that since it’s based on an efficient boost converter chip that has low start-up voltage, it can work with both new and used batteries. Even if the batteries can no longer work in other devices, like remote control, electronic toys, you can still use the AASaver to light up LEDs and run circuit board experiments for a long time. It’s a great way to harvest the remaining energy (or in layman’s term, suck the remaining juice) in your ‘dead’ AA batteries 🙂


The New Design

IMG_3016IMG_3011
IMG_3009IMG_3017
AASaver 2.0 is a completely redesigned circuit from its 1.x version. Here is a list of new changes:

  • Added USB port, which allows charging of USB devices such as mobile phones, MP3 players etc. To support up to 500mA charging current, the booster converter is changed to use NCP1450A, an upgrade from the previous MCP1640.
  • Added lithium battery charger (based on MCP73831), which allows charging of lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries from AA batteries. There is an on-board LiPo battery jack, and an SMT pot (trimmer) to provide adjustable charging current.
  • There is also an input LiPo jack, so the circuit can take source either from AA batteries or external LiPo battery. There is a good reason to provide this functionality, as explained below.
  • The original battery clips are changed to a plastic battery holder, which is mounted with screws on the back of the component side. This frees a lot of room on the component side, which in turn reduces the PCB size.
  • The breadboard pin headers are now changed to the battery holder side. The AASaver now takes much less space when plugged into breadboard. An additional pair of pinouts are also added to fit breadboards with extended width.
  • It’s also possible to use the circuit for solar charging, and charging LiPo battery from external USB port.

In sum, this version preserves the same basic functionality as before, which is to take two AA (or AAA) batteries and serve dual functions as an LED flashlight and breadboard power supply. But it also has a lot of new features and improved usability, most of which were adopted from user suggestions on the original version. Here is a quick summary of the spec:

  • Power Source: two AA/AAA batteries, or external 3.7V LiPo battery (selecctable by an on-board switch). Can also be modified to work with a single battery, or with a solar cell.
  • Power Output: any of the following: flashlight LEDs (seletable by a switch), breadboard pin headers, USB, or LiPo charger. The LiPo charging current is adjustable from 10mA to 200mA through an on-board trimmer.
  • Output Voltage: 5V up to 500mA.

Here is an annotated diagram for the various on-board components:aasaver2_diagram

Schematic and Board Design

Acknowledgement: the USB charging circuit, particularly the D+/D- line voltages, references the design of the MintyBoost by Lady Ada. Check the details about USB charging therein.

Technically AASaver 2.0 is different from the MintyBoost in that 1) it uses a different boost converter chip (NCP1450A vs. LT1302); 2) it has a built-in LiPo charger; 3) it uses SMT components and is mostly assembled. Also, AASaver is designed to be versatile and serve multiple functions, including LED flashlights, breadboard power supply, USB charging, and LiPo charging. Its primary goal is to make use of old batteries (hence the name AASaver 🙂 ).


The Kit

A limited number of the AASaver 2.0 kits are now available on Rayshobby Shop. More will become available in the upcoming weeks. Included in the kit are one assembled and tested AASaver 2.0 circuit board, battery holder, two pin headers, two bright flashlight LEDs, a power switch, two screws and nuts.

IMG_2982IMG_2981


Assembly and Usage Instructions

Although the circuit board is mostly assembled, it does require a few simply assembly and soldering steps to get it fully functional. If you’d rather not assemble and solder anything, you can order a completely assembled AASaver at additional cost. The instructions are posted below with high resolution images. These instructions will soon be posted on the AASaver homepage.

Step 1. Attach the Battery Holder

Use the two screws and nuts to fix the battery holder at the back of the PCB. Make sure that the battery holder wires are close to the side with the AA/LiPo Source Selector (i.e. the opposite side of the USB port).
IMG_2983IMG_2984

Next, cut the battery holder wires to about 1 to 2 inches long (don’t cut it too short, or otherwise you will have difficulty soldering it later). Then use a wire stripper to strip the lead, and then insert the wires to the PCB holes and solder them. Make sure that the red wire goes into the hole marked ‘+’, because this is the positive wire. Double check yours with the image on the right below.
IMG_2985IMG_2986

If you want, you can use a little bit of hot glue to fix the wires in place. This is not required, but is helpful as the wires are very thin and are prone to breaking if you wiggle them too much.

Step 2. (Optional) Solder the Breadboard Pin Headers and LEDs

Now you need to solder the breadboard pin headers and flashlight LEDs. NOTE: these steps are optional, and depends on what you want the AASaver for. If you don’t need it to run breadboard experiments, you don’t need to solder the pin headers (or you can always solder them later).

To solder the pin headers, first insert the two pin headers towards the end of a breadboard. This will help fixing them in place during soldering. Next, align the PCB holes on the AASaver with the pin headers. The height of the pin headers are designed to match the height of the battery holder, so if everything is correct, the battery holder should sit flat on the same surface with the breadboard. Note that this only works if the pin headers are inserted towards the end of a breadboard — if they are inserted in the middle of a breadboard, the battery holders will sit on top of the breadboard and this won’t work.

Also note that on the left side there is an additional pair of VCC-GND pin holes. These are designed for breadboards with extended width. So if your breadboard is wider than the one shown in the picture below, use the extended pair of pin holes.
IMG_2990IMG_2991

Next, to solder the flashlight LEDs, first insert the LEDs to the LED pin holes. These pin holes are located on the same side as the USB port. Make sure the longer lead of the LED goes into the hole marked ‘+’, as the picture below shows. Then gently bend the LED to 90 degrees, and solder the two leads. You can decide how long the LED should stick out of the circuit board, but in general, keep the LED close to the circuit board so that it doesn’t get accidentally bent. Once the LED is soldered in place, remember to cut the excessive leads. Follow the same process to solder the other LED.

IMG_2992IMG_2993

Now the AASaver is completely assembled! Below are the usage instructions.

Step 3. Power it On and Flashlight LEDs

Pop in two AA batteries. Make sure you insert them in the correct orientation. Then turn on the power switch. The red Power Indicator LED should light up. If not, check the Source Selector Switch, and make sure it’s turned to ‘AA’ (instead of LiPo In). The Source Selector allows you to select either AA or LiPo as the power source.

Next, turn Flash LED switch to ‘On’, and the two flashlight LEDs should light up. These are two bright flashlight LEDs, which work really well in the dark.

Note that the battery holder also sort of works for AAA batteries, although the contact is not very reliable. So if you want to pop in AAA batteries, try to use a small piece of aluminum foil to fill the gap between the AAA battery with the battery clips inside the holder. This should make it work perfectly.
IMG_2996IMG_3017

Step 4. Use it as BreadBoard Power Supply

AASaver is also designed to function as a breadboard power supply. It provides regulated 5V, which is great for many circuit board experiments. To use this function, simply plug the AASaver (with pin headers down) into a breadboard. Note that unlike the AASaver 1.x, the body of the AASaver 2.0 will stay out of the breadboard, so this gives you more room on the breadboard.
IMG_3009IMG_3011

Step 5. USB Charging

This is probably the most exciting new feature of the AASaver 2.0: you can now use it to charge USB devices. There is a built-in USB port that fits most standard USB cables. use it to charge your mobile phones, MP3 players, or anything that can charge through the USB port.

IMG_3001IMG_3016

Using a fresh pair of batteries, the circuit can provide up to 500mA charging current @ 5V output, which is sufficient for most USB devices. Also, empirical results show that with a fresh pair of batteries, you can charge the iPhone and the Samsung Galaxy S3 phone up to 20% to 25%. This is not a whole lot, but is good enough as an emergency charger, since AA batteries are really easy to get at convenience stores.

Now, there is a tricky question: since the hallmark of the AASaver is to save old AA batteries, can I use old or even almost ‘dead’ AA batteries for USB charging? The answer is mostly NO. Well, there is no magic: most USB devices require a certain amount of charging current in order to charge properly. Mobile phones are particularly power hungry. To provide 100mA @ 5V output, the AA batteries need to output at least (100mA x 5V) = 0.5 Watt power, and usually more to account for the non-perfect efficiency of the boost converter. Depending on the battery condition, you may or may not be able to draw that much power from a pair of AA batteries — for fresh batteries, no problem; for close to depleted batteries, almost certainly no. Technically, the problem with old batteries is that as soon as you start to draw higher current, the voltage of the battery will drop, and so the boost converter will start sucking more current from it, causing the voltage to drop further. At some point, the boost converter will not be able to maintain a regulated output voltage, hence it will stop charging.

What if you really want to dump the juice from old AA batteries to your phone? There is actually a solution, and you should keep reading below.

Step 6. LiPo Charging

In addition to USB charging, one of the new features of the AASaver 2.0 is LiPo charging. If you have a 3.7V LiPo battery (we carry an inexpensive 700mAH LiPo battery at Rayshobby Shop), you can plug it in to the LiPo Out jack. This allows you to charge the LiPo battery from AA batteries with an adjustable charging current (from 10mA to 200mA). Once the battery is charging, you should see the green Charge Indicator LED light up.

To change the charging current, use a small screw driver to gently rotate the trimmer (SMT POT). The trimmer is very fragile, so be careful when adjusting it. The flat side of the trimmer top is the tail, and the opposite side is the head. The charging current is indicated by where the head is pointing to.

How does the adjustable charging current help? As I described above, the issue with old batteries is that they cannot provide much output current. But they should still work if you ‘dump’ the power slowly. For example, they probably can’t provide 100mA output current at 5V, but they are probably good with 20mA current at 5V. So the trick is to dump the power slowly into a LiPo battery. This is analogous to having a water pipe with very limited capacity: you can’t draw water from it at a high speed, but you can let it drip slowly into a bucket (in this case the ‘bucket’ is the LiPo battery). Then later you can dump the water from the bucket at a much faster rate.

So all in all, if you have an old pair of AA batteries, you can’t charge USB devices directly. But you can still use them to charge a LiPo battery at a slow rate. To do so, adjust the trimmer so that the green indicator LED will remain on. If the LED goes off, it mean either the charge current is too high, or too low. So adjust the trimmer to keep it on. As you will see in the next step, with the LiPo battery, you can then charge USB devices with much ease.

IMG_2999IMG_3002

Step 7. Using LiPo Battery as Power Source

To use a LiPo battery as the power source, simply plug it in to the LiPo In battery jack, then make sure that you turn the Source Selector Switch up to point to LiPo In. This selects the LiPo battery as the power source, and everything else works the same way as before.
IMG_3000


All right, this is the end of the story. I know this post is very long, but most of it will be moved to the AASaver Homepage after I refine the text and hear back comments and suggestions from users. If you are interested, please place an order for the AASaver from the Rayshobby Shop. We have a limited amount right now and more stock will become available in the upcoming weeks.

Questions and comments? Post them below or on the Rayshobby Forum.


19 Responses to “Announcing AASaver 2.0 (with USB and LiPo charging)”

  1. cae2100 says:

    Will the 1.0/1.1 versions still be available for purchase? I use my AA savers for breadboards and having all of the extra stuff like usb/LiPo stuff will never be used.

    • aberson says:

      Same question – esp since the older version offered the 3.3/5V switchable option

    • ray says:

      At this moment, there is no plan to make 1.0/1.1 version again. 2.0 has more features because some 1.x users wanted USB charging and LiPo charging support. I understand that not all users need these, but I think it’s better to design the product to have multiple functions, than having separate products. Frankly, if price is a concern, I should point out that the price of 2.0 is pretty reasonable: you can compare it with Adafruit’s MintyBoost and similar products at SparkFun – AASaver 2.0 is noticeably cheaper, and can do a lot more.

  2. J. Peterson says:

    You should consider mounting the board in a case, since it now has all sorts of uses as a portable power source. For the next rev of the board, consider adding some mounting holes at the corners and perhaps mounting the USB jack so it extends a little ways beyond the edge of the board.

  3. aberson says:

    Love this product – thanks for offering it. A few questions/observations:

    A) I think this item would be GREAT as a kit for people learning to do surface mount soldering: low cost, experience with several types of components, and walk away with something really useful. Is there any chance that a completely UN-assembled kit will be offered as well? If not, could you release a bill of materials so we could make our own kits? (using the eagle files to order our own boards too)

    B) I don’t see the 700mAh battery at the hobby shop link. Maybe an oversight? I know adafruit has a few lipo batteries that seem to have the right connector: http://www.adafruit.com/category/44_138

    C) I think it would be interesting to charge a cellphone’s battery DIRECTLY (outside of the phone) via the charger-output on this device. (This avoids the limitation where nearly-dead AA’s can’t make 500mA). Can this charging circuit work with other Lithium batteries, not just Li-po? It seems like it can from the data sheet.

    Thanks!

    • ray says:

      A) A good point. However, there are already some ‘learning SMT soldering’ kits available, such as https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10935. I don’t know how big the market is out there.
      B) Sorry, I forgot to add it to the product list. It’s available now. It has the same JST connector as Adafruit, and the battery has built-in protection circuit.
      C) This is a very smart idea. I actually have used a LiPo charger to successfully charge a phone battery. The phone battery usually has 3 pins, +, – and a thermistor feedback pin. Ignoring the feedback pin, you can connect the + and – to a LiPo charger and it will charge as expected. So yes, you can definitely charge the phone battery directly. The only problem is that different batteries have different pin size and spacing, so it’s almost impossible to design a universal connector that can fit all phone batteries.

  4. Ozzie says:

    Hi, I just got the AASaver and have been using it to charge the LiPo batter that I also purchased. I want to know if there is a way to understand when the charge on the LiPo is full. I read the MCP chip specs and it supports reporting a status when the charge is full. I notice only that the Charge LED starts rapid blinking after a while–does that mean its full and doing trickle charge? Thanks for your help.

    • ray says:

      When the battery is fully charged, the charger LED will turn off. The blinking may be because your AA batteries are close to be depleted and cannot supply the required amount of current. You can reduce the charging current (rotate the charging current trimmer) to see if that stops the blinking. Also, you can try a different pair of AA batteries.

  5. HB says:

    Hello Ray,

    Is it Okey to connect solar cell of 6V and 400mA to AA-saver? Or should I connect them below 5V? For example 3,6V and 600mA. I have two types of surpuls panels abd thinking how to connect them.
    AA-saver 2 is really nice piece of electronics.

    • ray says:

      I meant to add some descriptions about ‘solar charging’ in the user manual. If you have 6V solar cell, you should solder it to any VCC-GND pair of pins. Keep in mind that since this ‘overwrites’ the 5V line, you should not plug in AA batteries or LiPo to the ‘LiPo In’ jack, as these will activate the voltage converter and that will compete with the 6V output from the solar cell. But you can use this to charge a LiPo battery connected to the ‘LiPo Out’ jack.

      If you have 3.6V solar cell, you should connect it to either the ‘LiPo In’ jack, or in the place of the two wires from the AA battery holder. The idea is that the 3.6V output will go through the voltage booster to bump up to 5V, then you can use it to charge other devices through USB or charge a LiPo battery connected to the ‘LiPo Out’ jack.

      So in the end the difference between 6V and 3.6V solar cell is whether it should bypass (the former) the voltage booster or not (the latter).

  6. HB says:

    Hello Ray,

    Nokia N8 is not recognising AAsaver as power source and is not charging. Samsung is thou OK. Do you know if there is problem with shorting datalines or something else?
    Any ideas to try with AA-saver or cable?

  7. HB says:

    Short the data-lines and Nokia N8 starts to charge. USB-connectors two center pins. Used small lenght of jumpwire. Nice working.

    • ray says:

      That’s good to know. Thanks for sharing your findings. I have two tips: one is that turning off the phone when charging usually helps stabilizing the charging current; the other is that sometimes even when the phone is reporting it’s not charging, it’s actually still charging. For example, on the iPhone or iPad, if the charger provides less than 500mA current the device will report it’s not charging. But if you have a multimeter you can measure that it’s actually charging at 100mA, and after a while the battery icon definitely shows progress.

  8. Art says:

    All the questions are about AA batteries. If I use
    a C or D cell can I get more amps or mA? Or will
    it smoke my AAsaver?

    • ray says:

      You can certainly use C or D cells, and they won’t smoke the AASaver (as long as the input voltage is below 6.5V). It’s just that the AASaver comes by default with AA battery holders and not C or D cell holders.

      • Art says:

        Thanks for quick reply. Have you taken any amps
        or mA measurements with C or D cells?

      • ray says:

        I haven’t done that. You can estimate the current draw by:
        5 * output_current / input_voltage / efficiency.
        For example, if the output_current is 100mA, and the input_voltage (from a single C or D cell) is 1.3V, the efficiency can be anywhere between 60% to 90%, let’s say it’s 75%, then the current draw from the battery is:
        5 * 100mA / 1.3 / 75% = 513mA.
        So as you can see, the lower the battery voltage, the higher current the battery has to provide to sustain the output current.

  9. Sfiso Mtolo says:

    I want to design a similar project but I’m having trouble getting the right simulation sofware for the NCP1450A chip so I want to know which one did you use?

Leave a Reply to Ozzie